File Navigation Basics Exercise

For help, use the course powerpoint or http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/LearnLinux/Module2.html upon which this exercise is based

You will submit all this in one script file. You will start a script command that will trap all everything on the terminal into a file. Feel free to put more work than exactly these commands in your file.

• First, experiement with the script file:
  • Create a script file:
    • Type: script fileNav
      • (This will start a script file for everything you do. See https://kb.iu.edu/d/acbb for an explanation)
    • Type ls
    • Type who
    • Type exit to close the script file
• Look at the script file you created:
  • more fileNav to see the script file. See what you typed (ls, who) and its results in the file
• Add to the script file
• If you are interrupted, and need to continue from where you left off:
  • script -a fileNav
  • Type some command
  • To stop the scripting, type exit.
• Look at the script file you created and see how the new script was appended:
  • more fileNav to see the script file. See what you typed (ls, who) and its results in the file

   

• Start a script file to collect your work for Exercise 1, 2 and 3 below:
  • Type: script fileNavHwk

   

  • Exercise 1
    •From your home directory execute pwd and note the name of the parent of your home directory. Below we shall call that directory /home but your system may be configured differently.
  • List all the fles in your current directory using find . -maxdepth 1 -type f (You are asking linux to find all files in your current directory (.) that are actually in that directory (maxdepth 2) that have a type of file.
• List all the directories inside your current directory using find . -maxdepth 1 -type d (d for directory)
  •Use cd / to go to the root directory. View its contents.
  •Change to the /home directory and view its contents using ls. Typically these are the home directories of all users except for the master user root.
• •Change to the /etc directory and view its directories using ls. Typically these are the directories of tools.
• List all the directories inside your current directory in alphabetical order using find . -maxdepth 1 -type d | sort (d for directory; you are piping | the find command output to the sort command)
  •Change to your home directory using cd ~ and confirm that that is where you are using pwd.
• Note: pepper removed the instructions about info password
  •Use the hostname command, with no options, to print the hostname of the machine you are using.
  •Use man hostname to display some documentation on the hostname command. Find out how to make it print the aliases for the machine. You will need to scroll down the manpage to the ‘Options’ section.

 

• Exercise 2
  •Create a text file in your home directory called shakespear, containing the following text: use cat to create it:
  • Type cat > shakes.txt
    • Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
      Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

  <ctrl > d

  • •Rename it to sonnet-18.txt. using mv shakes.txt sonnet-18.txt
    •Make a new directory in your home directory, called poetry. using mkdir poetry
    •Move the poem file into the new directory. mv sonnet-18.txt poetry (How does this compare to the last mv command. Why does the file stay the same name? )
    •The * wildcard on its own is expanded by the shell to a list of all the files in the current directory. Use the echo command (echo *) to see the result
    •Use quoting to make echo print out an actual * symbol. echo '*'
    •In the poetry directory create another file, sonnet-29.txt: cd poetry ; cat > sonnet-29.txt << end-of-msg

  When in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes,
  I all alone beweep my outcast state,

  end-of-msg

  (See how the << created end-of-msg as the marker for ending the message

  •Use the cat command to display both of the poems, using a wildcard. cat son*

  • Use the grep command to display only those lines with 'all' in them. grep all son*
    •Copy the sonnet-29.txt to backupPoem.txt - cp sonnet-29.txt backupPoem.txt
    •Use the ed sonnet-29.txt command and then change a line using substitution to change men to people
    • ed sonnet-29.txt
    • 1 (to print the first line so you can see it)
    • s/men/people
    • 1,$p (to see the change)
    • w (to write the change)
    • q (to quit)
  • 
    •Use the cmp command and the diff command to compare sonnet-29.txt and backupPoem.txt
  • cmp sonnet-29.txt backupPoem.txt (see how it only shows the first difference. Is it right about the difference?)
  • cmp sonnet-29.txt backupPoem.txt -l (see all the differences, showing the position of the differences)
  • diff sonnet-29.txt backupPoem.txt
  • 
    •Create a directory in your 271 directory named tmp cd ~; cd 271; mkdir tmp (this assumes you have a 271 directory already. If not, create it.)
    •Copy all the files in the poetry directory into the tmp one.
    • cd poetry ( get to the poetry directory)
    • pwd to ensure you are in the poetry directory.
    • cp * ../tmp
  • 
    •Return to your home directory (cd ~ ) to list all the contents of your directories (ls *)
    •From your home directory, create a new file named poem3.txt inside tmp. You will need to indicate the relative path (without a / at the beginning) cat > 271/tmp/poem3.txt whateverYouWantToWrite <ctrl> d
    •change to your tmp directory and rename (mv) one poem. cd 271/tmp ; mv poem3.txt poem3new.txt
    •copy the renamed poem back to your poetry directory. (you will need to remember that .. means up one directory) cp poem3new.txt ../poetry
    •Finally, use the rm command to delete the tmp directory and the poems in it. cd ../tmp; rm poe*; cd .. rmdir tmp

• Exercise 3


•Use echo $SHELL to identify your login shell.

• type w to see what everyone is doing
• type w > whofile to create a file of what everyone is doing.
• Look to see what programs are running in the system. more whofile Look under the what column.
  
• Combine grep and wc to count the number of users who are using the same shell as you for their login shell. (probably -bash) grep bash whofile | wc -l (-l makes wc only print the number of lines. | takes the output of the first command and gives it to the second command. See what grep bash whofile alone will do.)
• The -v flag in grep from its man page. Use it to see the number of processes that are not your login shell grep -v bash whofile
• Then Use it to count the number of processes that are not your login shell. grep -v bash whofile | wc -l
  •Use the utility sort to list you just created to sort by their username grep -v bash whofile | sort (note, pepper had previously had wc -l in there which made no sense.)
  •Use cut to display a sorted list of these users that displays only their username. (Remember that the up arrow will retrieve the last command so you don't have to retype it.) By default cut uses Tabs as the field separators. This is not what is output by the w command. Thus you will need a -d flag to set the delimiter to space. You will also need a -f flag to tell it which field to cut out. grep -v bash whofile | sort | cut -d" " -f1
  
  •Use the command history to see the commands you have already executed. Run a prior command using ! followed by the command number
  •place the history log into a file using history > hisfile
  •Use the more command more hisfile to see its contents. Hit the space bar to continue, b for backwards, enter to get the next line, and q to quit
  •Use the pr command on pr hisfile to see how it sets up pages for printing
  •Use the tail hisfile and head hisfile commands on hisfile to see the beginning only and the end only.

• End your script file:
  • Type exit to close the script file
  • Type more fileNavHwk to see the resulting file. It can have too much information but should show all the commands you just executed in exercise 1, 2 & 3.

   

• Transfer your script file to your own pc so you can upload it to moodle.
  • Start Filezilla
  • file / site manager / new site / panther / panther.adelphi.edu & SFTP & your user and pwd / connect
  • click desktop on left
  • click until you find your file on right
  • drag from right to left (panther to your computer)
  • The file is now on your desktop

File exercises credited to http://www.linuxtraining.co.uk/download/new_linux_course_modules.pdf David M. Harrison.