Arguments for my position: The availability of Social Networking was a requirement for turning the North African discontent into a rapid spread of revolution in North Africa.

Argument #1: Social Networking was available under the government's radar

The fact that Arab countries did not have open media was, itself, a factor in making a media that was under the government radar, social media, a powerful force for change (Khondker, 2011, p. 678). Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Khondker 678)

Internet access had recently become available to many people. In Egypt, broadband for the internet had become available for $8/month (Stepanova, 2011).

Argument #2: Political organizers used social networking to gain support their message

Howard analyzed more than 3 million tweets, youtube videos and blogs and found that these actually shaped the ideas being debated and refined the message (Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari & Mazaid., 2011, p. 5). Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Howard et al 5)

"Our evidence shows that social media was used heavily to conduct political conversations by a key demographic group in the revolution [ young, urban, relatively well educated individuals, many of whom were women." (Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari & Mazaid., 2011, p. 2).Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Howard et al 2)

Argument #3:Political organizers would not have been able to coordinate events quickly without it

A facebook campaign, "April 6 Youth Movement" kickstarted a protest with positive responses to rally (Stepanova, 2011, p. 5). Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Stepanova 5)

Social networking allowed greater participation, and greater participation led to less violent protest. For example, Tunisia and Egypt had more social media activism and less violent protest than Libya and Yemen, which had less social media involvement and more violent protest (Stepanova, 2011, p 6). Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Stepanova 6)

Howard determined that online conversations drove the street protests more than the protests drove the conversations. The spike in conversations preceded the protests. "In Tunisia, for example, 20 percent of blogs were evaluating Ben AliVs leadership on the day he resigned from office (January 14), up from just 5 percent the month before. " (Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari & Mazaid., 2011, p. 2).Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Howard et al 2)

Protesters connected with people in other countries through social networking and spread their ideas. First people in other countries followed people posting on social media in countries that had active protests, and then later the protests erupted in those countries (Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari & Mazaid., 2011, p. 3). Note that if the source citation was in MLA format, then this In-text citation would be: (Howard et al 3)

Sources

Howard, P. N., Duffy, A., Freelon, D., Hussain, M., Mari, W., & Mazaid, M., (2011). “Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring”, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2595096

Khondker, H. H., (2011). Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring”, Globalizations, 8(5), pp. 675-679. Database: Academic Search Complete

Stepanova, E., (2011). ·The role of information communication technologies in the ·Arab Spring·: Implications beyond the region·, Ponars Eurasia Policy Memo No. 159. http://ponarseurasia.com/sites/default/files/policy-memos-pdf/pepm_159.pdf

Note to students: Please realize that you need to have all the requirements, but you do not need to use the exact words or layout I used. You will even see that this does not match the video exactly, which is fine.

On this page, the very important things are:

• List your arguments against your position.
• Write facts that support those arguments, and every fact needs an in-text citation.
• Every in-text citation needs to have a full, well formatted citation on the same page.
• Every full citation needs at least one in-text citation.
• Every citation on the page needs to be in the same format - either MLA, APA or any other you choose. The in-text citations need to use the same format as the full citation. For MLA, in-text citation format can be found here: and for APA, in-text citation format can be found here.
• If you copy words from your source, use quotation marks.
• Between all the sources on both pro and against pages, you should have at least 5. 1 should be scholarly and 2 from a database.

Some things you don't have to worry about:

• Don't worry about hanging indent formatting on this web page.
• Don't worry about getting all the facts you need, just have some for each of your arguments.
• Don't worry about having the subject completely covered. This is a start to your research only.
• You can change your arguments or position or sources from the last bibliography assignment.
• You don't need links to the sources. I put them, and it is nice, but it is not required.

Here is a link to the video showing the web pages being made AND here is a link to a video showing the pro/con page being filled with research